Why people should see or read A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Essay

Why people should see or read A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry - Essay Example It can help them in identifying how they should develop their artistic and literary pieces. Media students need to realize that they can only sell their creative pieces if their creative pieces contain something or some elements with which their audience can connect. The way a creative individual allows his/her piece of creativity to connect with the audience is something that can be learned from the play. The play is about the dreams and the issues of the majority members of the society who either belong to the lower income or middle income earning families. Due to this the dreams that have been depicted in the book are quite related to the dreams that every common man experiences in their daily lives. The depiction of these dreams allows the audience to relate themselves with the characters of the play. Similarly, when students of media are creating their creative pieces they should ensure that their audience connects with the content and the characters of their creative pieces and that is only the way how audience attention can be

Aldous Huxley Essay Example for Free

Aldous Huxley Essay Aldous Huxley captures the effect of the application of scientific methods to procedures in the modern American society to a more substantial degree than ever, recognized by readers of his novel, Brave New World. This portrays a world centered around scientific progress and control. Huxley brings to light the extremity of influence given to Americans by revolutionary science. In an effort to forever improve, society has conformed to many ways of fixing imperfections. From surgeries and medications for honest sicklings to injections for greedy, pretentious abusers, people as a whole have transformed from the good ole days to the fast-paced, materialistic world. While discoveries in science are often for the benefit of society, is it possible that these newfound treasures are actually a preface for rot and ruin? Since most little girls could remember, the only way it seemed plausible to become successful was by living in the body of Cinderella or Barbie or Miss America. As they began to mature, nothing changed. The image remained as a beautiful bag of bones when media and celebrities were constantly thrown in their face. In the past, if they didn’t have â€Å"the look†, they were left hopeless and self-conscious. Thankfully, some idiot decided they would abuse the power of nature and science by providing these girls with an answer to their prayers. Plastic Surgery! What they didn’t account for was the impact. Now, not only were the glamorous allowed to have the image, everyone was-again, reducing the confidence in the female population and encouraging a new friend, bullying. Moreover, it is affecting the mental health of children in this conceited society. Surveys and recent research show that â€Å" Teens view plastic surgery as a way to fit in and look acceptable to friends and peers† (Plastic Surgery). How is it that society has allowed this damage to take place? The original intentions of these different types of surgeries were honest. Science isn’t the one to be held responsible, rather the insecurities of certain

Literature review on Leadership vision styles and change

Literature review on Leadership vision styles and change Introduction: The following review is divided into three sections and investigates Leadership and Management literature to provide an insight into:- Leadership and Vision. Leadership Styles. Leadership and Change. The literature has been researched from various sources explained in Table No 1 shown on the following page. SECTION 3.1 Leadership and Vision. Introduction, This section will show literature researched and reviewed to provide a discussion for:- Section 3.1.1. What is a Vision? Section 3.1.2. Why have a vision. Section 3.1.1. What is a Vision? Research has shown there considerable agreement that a vision is a projection of a future desired state. The dictionary states Vision is Unusual competence in discernment or perception; intelligent foresight. Levin {, 2000, Vision Revisited: Telling the story of the future.} suggests that when you provide a vision you show an idea of what you would like to see happen in the future and show the possibilities of what could be achieved. Its effects should be inspiring, bold, future orientated but believable and achievable. It should be derived from what people desire i.e. to fore fill their own personal goals or to aim for what they value it is their ideals, goals, interest and desires. Also by defining a vision you answer the question of the stakeholders Whats in it for me Levin (2000) {, 2000, Vision Revisited: Telling the story of the future.} also states that a vision lets heart feel what the head is told and should be able to show you where you are going. Lewis (1997) {, 1997, Building a Shared Vision. A leaders guide to aligning the organisation.} supports these views and that a vision is an expression of where an organisation wants to go and how it intends to get there. Kotter cited by Hope, J. Bunce, P. (2008) {, 2008, Beyond Budgeting: Change Management} argues that a vision should be inspirational and emotional rather than rational and that when developing it expect it to be messy, ambiguous and encounter setbacks. It should also be flexible enough to accommodate small initiatives and changes as it progresses. Lewis (1997) {, 1997, Building a Shared Vision. A leaders guide to aligning the organisation.} states that a vision should show the promised land and inspire and exit people when they come to work. A note from Levin (2000) {, 2000, Vision Revisited: Telling the story of the future.} that visions if not deployed or understood correctly can become confused with other organisation terminology such as mission statements and strategies. Collins Parros (1996) {, 1996, Building Your Companys Vision} suggest that a vision can be broken down into two major components 1. A core ideology which is the glue for holding the vision together. 2. An envisioned future. These are then broken down again into parts such as core values, core purpose they also suggest a vision should show the future for the next 10-30 years Section 3.1.2. Why have a vision? Field Marshal Bernard L. Montgomery held the view that the leader must know what he himself wants. He must see his objective clearly and then strive to attain it; he must let everyone know what he wants and what are the basic fundamentals of his policies and that Every single soldier must know, before he goes into battle, how the little battle he is to fight fits into the larger picture, and how the success of his fighting will influence the battle as a whole. The whole army then goes into battle knowing what is wanted and how it is to be achieved. (Information supplied from Lancaster University course work Inspiring and Enthusing Others ) http://msc.manufacturinginstitute.co.uk/index.html. Lewis (1997) {, 1997, Building a Shared Vision. A leaders guide to aligning the organisation.} states that having a shared vision promotes motivation, meaning a direction and that a vision is vital to any great organisation. Research also found that a vision could help jumpstart and mobilise people to start progressing towards it and that it possess a potency adding a sense of purpose Nanus cited in Levin (2000) {, 2000, Vision Revisited: Telling the story of the future.} Collins Porras (1996) {, 1996, Building Your Companys Vision} provides evidence that organisations that hold a strong vision out performed the stock market by a factor of 12. Evidence provided through surveys states that having a vision aides the organisation and those who use one to empower others are more likely to be successful at managing change. by Larwood et al (1995) {, 1995, STRUCTURE AND MEANING OF ORGANIZATIONAL VISION} A vision also has a positive impact on employees performance and attitudes Kirkpatrick and Locke. (1996) to such an extent that it positively affected organisational-level performance measured by growth in sales, profit, employment and net worth. Baum, et al (1998). cited by Levin (2000) {, 2000, Vision Revisited: Telling the story of the future.} Kotter (2007) {, 2007, Leading Change} Stated in his eight steps to transforming your business shown in the table No2 below that step No 3 developing a vision is a vital part that should be completed as part of any change process and that you need to take time to get the team to establish it. Kotter also advises that you should use a vision as a tool to give direction. He states it should show clear intent Kotter cited by Hope, J. Bunce, P. (2008) {, 2008, Beyond Budgeting: Change Management} and believes it helps peoples decision making and strategy development. Lewis (1997) {, 1997, Building a Shared Vision. A leaders guide to aligning the organisation.} prescribes following the six phase steps shown below where he uses the hard and soft sides of management to build and implement a shared Levin (2000) {, 2000, Vision Revisited: Telling the story of the future.} also suggests that a vision can be used as a teaching tool as it gives direction and shows long term plans as well as being able to influence attitudes and behaviours. One noticeable quote when planning your vision implementation is one stated by Collins Parros. (1996) {, 1996, Building Your Companys Vision} A vision is never completed and when you think you have achieved it you should you should re-plan and replace it with another one. This is also supported by Lewis (1997) {, 1997, Building a Shared Vision. A leaders guide to aligning the organisation.} who states that a vision should always be just beyond reach and therefore requires continuously refined The literature reviewed has provided strong evidence to why you should have a vision and communicate it. It is now the intention of the author to complete a review in the form of a questionnaire to see if his new department are aware of the organisation vision. Checked for References, Quotes, et al etc up to here Checked for References, Quotes, et al etc from here SECTION 3.2 Literature Review for Leadership Styles This section of the report researches the difference between a manager and a leader. The report then goes on to investigate the difference in transactional and transformational leadership styles. It does not consider democratic, autocratic, lassie faire or if you are an X or a Y on McGregors theory styles as the author believe through experience and past research understands that as a manager or leader you select the best style you can to suite the situation at hand. The author also notes that if you can master this ability you will naturally move up the LMX Member. Leadership scale as you will have mastered some emotional intelligence. This report supplies the foundation for understanding what style of manager / leaders are within the SMS dept. 3.2.1. Research regarding a manager or leader:- Zaleznik et al (1997) {, 1977, Managers and leaders: Are they different?} suggests that manager and leaders are different. That they are different type of people and have different personalities, suggesting that a manager: Maintain a balance of operations. Managers rationally select goals to pursue to achieve outputs. Is a problem solver. Select goals and allocate resource. Use their experiences to get what is required. Relate to people by the role they play and power they hold. Like to work with other and dislike working on their own. and that to be a manager it takes persistence, tough mindedness, hard work, intelligence, analytical ability, tolerance and good will. Kotter (2001) {, 2001, What Leaders Really Do} supports this and states that management is about coping with complexity and argues it brings order and consistency. Zaleznik et al (1997) {, 1977, Managers and leaders: Are they different?} suggests leaders:- Create new ways of completing task. Explore more. Need to use their inspirational skills to influence people. Have the capability to motivate people in different ways. Kotter (2001) {, 2001, What Leaders Really Do} suggests the same and quotes that leadership is about coping with change and aligning people with their goals and getting people to believe goals. Kotter (1990) {, 1990, A force for change: how leadership differs from management} in his article A Force for Change developed the following table to explain what he believed were the comparison of leadership and management. In short Kotter (2001) {, 2001, What Leaders Really Do} states that:- Management controls people by pushing them in the right direction. Leadership motivates them by satisfying basic human needs A view note from Zaleznik et al (1997) {, 1977, Managers and leaders: Are they different?} is that leaders are more prominent than managers in time of stress such as financial decline or wars as they are more entrepreneurial. Goleman, D. (2000) {, 2000, LEADERSHIP THAT GETS RESULTS} who also supports the view that leaders set strategy, motivate, create visions and build cultures. Also states that successful leaders have up to six styles shown in table No4 below and that they can use to complete their tasks and those leaders who perform best have mastered four of these styles namely: Authorities, Democratic, Affiliate, Coaching. Goleman, D. (2000) {, 2000, LEADERSHIP THAT GETS RESULTS} states that good leaders can match the appropriate style within seconds for the situation and circumstances to get the best from the follower. He also believed that by developing emotional intelligence you could learn to instinctively select the appropriate leadership style to gain the best from the situation. The author now intends to use a questionnaire for the team leaders in his new department to investigate to see which of the two styles they represent. From the results of the questionnaire the author should understand the team leaders manager or leader style so he can best us of it during a programme of change. 3.2.2. Transactional or Transformational Leaders:- To commence this section lets firstly look select a definition of leadership as written by Tannenbaurm, Weschief, Massarik, (1961) cited by Wofford Goodwin (1998) {, 1998, A field study of a cognitive approach to understanding transformational and transactional} Leadership is Interpersonal influence exercised in situations and directed, through the communication process, towards the attainment of a specific goal or goals then research what style of leadership could achieve this. We could look at research stating:- McGregors Theory X Theory Y. Blake and Motons country club, Team Leader, Impoverish, Authoritarian leadership styles. Autocratic, Democratic, Lassie Faire styles Facilitating, Coaching, Delegating, Directing styles. But literature produced by B. Bass has captured the authors interest by suggesting that the transformational leader has the most effective style of leadership. cited by Wofford Goodwin (1998) {, 1998, A field study of a cognitive approach to understanding transformational and transactional} B. Bass discusses the difference between a transactional and transformational leader Cited in Transactional revisited by Whittington (2009) {, 2009, Transactional Leadership Revisited: Self-Other Agreement and Its Consequences} stating that the transformational leader can become the most appropriate style of leaderships as this type of leader has the knowledge and emotional intelligence to adapt and react to the situation or circumstances. This view is supported by Graem Uhl-Bien (1995) {, 1995 Summer, Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective} who suggest that the transformational leader provides the most effective type of Leader-Member Exchange. Suggesting that if performed correctly this can become a very influential and productive way of managing the role and managing the follower. Bernard Bass (1990) {, 1990, FROM TRANSACTIONAL TO TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP LEARNING TO SHARE THE VISION} defined the benefits provided from the two types of leadership styles as:- Transformational Leader. Gets his followers to look beyond their own self interest for the good of the group. Pay close attention to individual followers not just the group. Provides vision. Gains respect and trust. Uplift morale of their followers. Suggest new ways of solving problems. Can instil pride and commitment into his employees Show more maturity and better results on the leader member exchange (LMX ) surveys. Transactional Leader. Satisfies the self interest of a follower. Provides promises of recognition. Uses pay increases as reward. Uses personal advancement as reward. Penalises employees for not doing well. Disciplines employees for not doing well. Monitors deviation from standards. Bass (1990) {, 1990, FROM TRANSACTIONAL TO TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP LEARNING TO SHARE THE VISION} also states that the transformational leaders can make massive differences to an organisation effecting its health, well-being and performance. Wofford Goodwin (1994) cited in by Whittington (2009) {, 2009, Transactional Leadership Revisited: Self-Other Agreement and Its Consequences} provide more benefits stating that there is a predictable result of behaviours and outcomes between leadership styles and that transformational leader have consistently shown the highest levels of good results. Graen and Uhl-Biens cited by Howell (1999) {, 1999, The ties that bind: The impact of Leader-Membership Exchange`, Transformational and Transactional Leadership`, and Distance on Predicting Followers Performance.} state that there is a higher positive leader-follower relationship and better performance from followers from the transformational leader. Mumford (2000) {, 2000, LEADERSHIP SKILLS: CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS} endorses these benefits and also adds that because of the present day climate industries need to be more flexible as transformational leader have better capabilities to aide the organisation in adapting quickly in environments of change. Literature continues and states that these two differing styles of leadership work differently and relate differently with their followers. Whittington (2009) {, 2009, Transactional Leadership Revisited: Self-Other Agreement and Its Consequences} states that transactional leaders need to have clear roles and responsibilities where transformational leader and followers dont. Whittington (2009) {, 2009, Transactional Leadership Revisited: Self-Other Agreement and Its Consequences} developed the understanding that there is a distance relationship between the success of the transactional or transformational leader. This research suggests that a transformational leader needs to be closer to his followers to influence them and get the best from their potential and that this is not required from the transactional leader. He states it is due to the transformational leader needing to develop a feeling of trust with the followers and interact more directly when he guides them. He suggests this leader needs this closeness to provide the environment for close personal communications when inspiring, empowering, stimulating and motivating his followers So if there are such benefits to the transformational style of management then we should look for them or look to develop them. Bruce J. Avalio et al (1999) {, 1999, Re-examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire} state that the best questionnaire to use for this research is the Multifunctional Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ). If it is found that we only have transactional leaders then we know from the research completed by Bass (1990) that through training these can be developed into transformational leaders. Avolio et al (1999) {, 1999, Re-examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire} suggests this could actually be more beneficial as he recognised that it is an actual part of the evolution of the transformational leader to have gone through a transactional leader stage. Whittington (2009) {, 2009, Transactional Leadership Revisited: Self-Other Agreement and Its Consequences} supports this and argues that armed with the capabilities of both styles of leadership, the best leader is the one who can understand when to use the appropriate style to match the situation or circumstance. Checked for References, Quotes, et al etc to here Checked for References, Quotes, et al etc from here 3.2. 3. Leadership Model for change:- The final Section of the literature review is it to develop an understanding of a model for change. The author has not research tools used to implement change i.e. stakeholder analysis, Force Fields analysis, Readiness analysis and planning tools used to plan progress along a change implementation i.e. Master schedules, Project management tools etc. Although the author appreciates that these are part of the process and are used to aide change implementation. He has instead looked to define a model for change which he can use when venturing into and through any change programme he executes. This literature review found that there are a considerable number of models available to aid implement change. One of which is Kotter ( 2007) {, 2007, Leading Change} Eight Steps to Transform Your Organisation shown below. According to Kotter (2007) {, 2007, Leading Change if you fail to complete and plan these eight steps you will cause the change to fail. Steps:- Increase urgency Build the guiding team Get the vision right Communicate for buy-in Empowers action Create short-term wins Dont let up Make change stick He recommends keeping the steps simple and plan them before you execute them then you will have more chance of achieving your goal. Rosabeth Moss Kanter cited by Hope, J Bunce, P. in Beyond budgeting Change Management (2008) {, 2008, Beyond Budgeting: Change Management} however described a five step process:- Communicating a compelling vision. Building a coalition. Transferring ownership to a working team. Learning to preserve. Making everyone a hero. From Kotters studies he argues that change fails because people are inexperienced and do not appreciating the process of change. According to Kotter (2007) {, 2007, Leading Change} he has viewed many organisations who have failed at implementing change due to this even though they have been attempted under different named initiatives. This view is supported by Bernard Burnes (2003) {, 2003, Managing change and changing managers from ABC TO XYZ} who argues that we need to consider developing the people that execute the change as well as the steps of the change. This is also supported by Kanter who cited by Hope, J Bunce, P. in Beyond Budgeting: Change Management (2008) {, 2008, Beyond Budgeting: Change Management} suggests that people need to change their behaviours to allow a change to happen. Kotter (2007) {, 2007, Leading Change} emphasises that change goes through phases and should be seen as a long term challenge and not a short term fix. Kanter cited by Hope, J Bunce, P. in Beyond Budgeting: Change Management (2008) {, 2008, Beyond Budgeting: Change Management} states that change should not be regarded as bold strokes but long marches. Zhongjun et al (2004) {, Dec 2004, An innovation process model for identifying manufacturing paradigms.} suggests that by identifying and challenging paradigms is a way of modelling your change. He argues that you can use this similar to using Lean Manufacturing techniques to identify your changes. Lean Manufacturing techniques are again another way to model you changes. Another view of modelling the change process is by gaining an understanding of what people go through when they are involved in change. Here suggested by William Bridges cited by Hope, J Bunce, P. in Beyond budgeting Change Management (2008) {, 2008, Beyond Budgeting: Change Management} where he describe that people go through a three step process:- Ending When people let go of their old identity Neutral zone When old behaviours die out and people go dormant for a while. Beginning When people get a new out look and a new sense of purpose. Lewin cited by Bamford, D. Forrester, P. (2003) {, 2003, Managing planned and emergent change within an operations management environment.} suggests that people go through three stages of learning when within a change programme Freezing Clinging to what you know. Unfreezing Exploring ideas. Refreezing Identifying new skills and attitude with previously held ones. It is also noted that people go through other such effects when involved in change such as effects on their self esteem transitions of change, they resist change and they can become blockers or inhibit change which can to be used to model the change progress and progress. By completing this research the author has noted many different ways you can model change and different ways you can use these models to aide change. The author now intends to conduct a survey on the team leaders within the SMS dept to show how effective a model for change had been during a recent change programme in the dept. Checked for References, Quotes, et al etc to here

The Causes of School Violence :: Expository Cause Effect Essays Columbine

Violence in schools is an ever-growing problem in America. It seems every time we turn on the television we hear news of a new and even more disastrous event. The question we need to ask ourselves now is how can we prevent these tragedies. Many agree that looking at the behavior of students and trying to catch the problem before it escalates could be the solution. Schools increasingly believe that their responsibility is not only to teach academics, but also to curb violent, disruptive, and antisocial behavior. They recognize that underlying problems, such as bullying, teasing and learning disabilities, need to be addressed. Many of these problems were present in Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, the adolescent murderers from Littleton, Colorado, but were not adequately addressed before the tragedy. Dylan and Eric had been quiet, intelligent boys and respectful to their teachers throughout middle school, but as they entered high school, things began to change. Dylan and Eric began to alienate themselves and became "loners". They would play violent games and were easily agitated. For a class project, Dylan and Eric made a video featuring gunmen in long coats shooting athletes in the school hallways. They were often made fun of by the "popular" crowd. Why were these signs left unaddressed? Research has shown that the students most likely to own guns and bring them to school have histories of antisocial behavior involving violations of school codes of conduct and criminal laws. Violence, typically, is used to express feelings, to manipulate others, or to retaliate against others. Warning signs include: * Inability to self-regulate emotions * Exposure to violence/abuse * Alienation/rebelliousness * Peer rejection * Substance abuse * Academic failure/ low goals, aspirations * Lack of effort in school Violent youth usually feel alienated. The key to curbing this behavior is learning to recognize these signs and getting professional help for those displaying them. The earlier the intervention, the more effective it will be. Some medical conditions have been connected with violent behavior in young people.

Resort Operations and Management

RESORT OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENTSurname, Name, M. I. Student Number Lecture no. 1 A resort is a planned vacation business that is designed to attract, hold and satisfy its guests so they can become repeat visitors and/or goodwill ambassadors.To achieve these objectives require a management strategy that can operate a variety of scales and with a selection of target markets, but its constant must be the creation of a valued experience Gee (1996) considers resorts differ from other sorts of tourism destination in that they: †¢ Cater primarily to vacation and pleasure markets The average length of stay is longer, so hotel rooms need to be larger and better equipped †¢ Because most resorts are isolated they must be self contained †¢ The recreational bias of resorts makes them highly seasonal †¢ Resort management must be â€Å"visible management†, that is everyone must be infused with the idea of total hospitality, warm relationships, and unstinting round the cl ock service to guests Mill (2001) consider resorts have a combination of elements that make them distinctive.These are: †¢ The recreation attractions that draw guests to the resort †¢ Activities to occupy the guests during their stay Within these description of resorts and their management needs certain commonalities can be identified. Resorts are distinctive in that they: †¢ Are established as tourism businesses †¢ Convert visitors into guest †¢ Attempt to hold their guests on site †¢ Attract guest and hold them with superior quality facilities †¢ Cosset guests with superior serviceManagement consideration in a resort 1. Capture through differentiation 2. Attempt to be self contained 3. Deliver fabulous facilities and super service 4. Determine the appropriate target market scales 5. Range of resort operation scales a. Micro-scale of a single facility, a resort hotel needs to encompass internal activities that will hold the guest all day and in co mbination with quality rooms, gastronomic opportunities and entertainment provide no reason to leave the establishment . . Meso- scale of an integrated resort complex, where several hotels and ancillary functions support the prime function and differentiator of the resort component parts should work together to hold and satisfy the guests within the complex. c. Macro-scale of a resort destination, such as Las Vegas all the above considerations are in play, but within the broader context of a multi-purpose community with multiple planning and development goals. 6. Varying levels of control Analytical framework for resort management with a seniors market example | |Description and |Explanation (external and internal |Prediction ( risk management) | |definition |challenges | | |Attract |Competitive market |Health and wellness | | |Differentiate |Light exercise and recreation | | |Branding |Second or retirement homes | |Hold |Attractive Setting |Independent to dependency | | |Critical M ass of activities |Flexible delivery | | |Supportive staff |Security | |Satisfy |Skilled staff |Caring services | | |Service profit chain |Rest home component | | |Value creation |Hospital links | LAWS REGULATING RESORTSA resort is any place with pleasant environment and atmosphere conducive to comfort, healthful relaxation and rest, offering food, sleeping accommodation and recreational facilities to the public for a fee or remuneration. Resorts maybe categorized into (Chapter III, Classification of and Standard Requirements for Resorts, Section 7) i) Beach resorts – located along the seashore ii) Inland resorts – located within the town proper or city iii) Island resorts – located in natural or man-made island with the internal waters of the Philippine archipelago iv) Lakeside or riverside resorts- located along or near the bank of a lake or river v) Mountain resorts- located at or a mountain or hill vi) Theme parksResorts are classified into (Chapter III, Cla ssification of and Standard Requirements for Resorts, Section 8) a. Class AAA b. Class AA c. Class A Classification of resorts is based on a. Location and environment b. Parking facilities and room accommodation c. Sports and recreational facilities d. Conference and convention facilities e. Employee facilities f. Food and beverage outlets g. Lounge and reception centre and furnishing Forms of Business Organization Business entities engaged in the operation of tourist accommodation establishments may be organized as a single proprietorship, a partnership or a corporation, These are legal requirements for the organization and licensing of these businesses.Governmental Regulations Several government agencies take part in the process of organizing and licensing business entities which intend to engage in the operation of tourist accommodation establishments. Securities and Exchange Commission Businesses intending to be organized as a partnership or a corporation must register their art icles of partnership/incorporation and by-laws with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). For entities intending to engage in the business of operating tourist accommodation establishments, prior clearance from the mayor of the place where the principal office is located must be submitted together with the incorporation documents.The SEC has a periodic reportorial requirements, such as the: 1. Submission of general information sheets 2. Financial statements Which must be complied with by corporations and partnerships engaged in the business of operating tourist accommodation establishments. Department of Trade and Industry Business establishments using business names other than their SEC-registered name must be register said business names with the Bureau of Domestic Trade under the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) before using said business names in contacts, advertisements and other purposes and before engaging in any business transaction. Bureau of Internal RevenueB usiness entities engaged in the operation of tourist accommodation establishments must register with the Bureau of Internal Revenue and keep books of account wherein all transactions and results of operations are shown and from which all taxes due the government may readily and accurately be ascertained and determined any time of the year. Social Security System Business entities engaged in the operation of tourist accommodation establishments must report all their employees who are not over 60 years of age to the SSS for compulsory coverage and pay the employers contribution for each employee. They must also collect their employees contribution and remit the same to the SSS. Department of Tourism DOT merely undertakes accreditation of tourism business and only on a voluntary basis. There is a pending bill in Congress to make accreditation with the DOT a mandatory requirement prior to the issuance of a mayor’s permit or business license by LGU’s.Accreditation is a cert ification by the department as having complied with its minimum standards in the operation of the establishment concerned which will ensure the safety, comfort and convenience of the tourist. Bureau of Immigration and Deportation If business entities employ alien personnel, valid working visa must be secured from the Bureau of Immigration and Deportation Department of Labor and Employment In addition to a valid working visa, any alien seeking admission to the Philippines for employment purposes and business entities desiring to engage an alien for employment must obtain employment permit from the Department of Labor and Employment. Department of Environment and Natural ResourcesBusiness entities desiring to operate tourist accommodation establishments will have to undergo environmental impact assessment and obtain as environmental compliance certificate from DENR before they can commence operations and any kind of construction. Operation and Management of Resorts Due to complexity o f facilities available in resorts, unlike in hotels and other types of accommodation establishments, the standard of operation and management of resort is relatively more stringent. Resorts are required to adopt sanitation measures in accordance with the standards prescribed under PD no. 856, also known as the Code on Sanitation of the Philippines.All resorts have to provide the services of a sufficient number of well-trained lifeguards duly accredited by either the Philippine National Red Cross, the Water Life Saving Association of the Philippines or any recognized organization training or promoting safety objectives. They must also provide adequate security whenever there are guest . Medical services, fire fighting facilities and signboards will have to be provided by all resorts. There must be placed on a beach or lakeside resort an adequate number of buoys, which must be spread within the area by the resort owner or keeper incompliance with existing government regulations and/or local ordinance on the placing of such buoys.Prohibited Acts Keepers, manager or operators of hotels, resorts, tourist, inns, motels, apartels and pension houses are required to exert effort not to allow any form of gambling, drunkenness or disorderly conduct of any kind by anyone in said establishments and their immediate premises. They must also exert all possible efforts not to permit any person whom they know or have reason to believe to be either a prostitute a paedophiles or of questionable character to occupy a room or to enter the premises Environmental Laws affecting Tourism Tourism projects are required to comply with the Philippine Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) System.The EIS System was established by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 1586 issued by former President Ferdinand E. Marcos in 1978. The EIS System requires all government agencies, government owned or controlled corporations and private companies to prepare an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for a ny project or activity that affects the quality of the environment. An EIA is a process that involves evaluating and predicting the likely impacts of the project (including cumulative impacts) on the environment and includes designing appropriate preventive, mitigating and enhancement measures to protect the environment and the community welfare.An entity that complies with the EIS System is issued as Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC), which is a document certifying that, based on the representations of the project proponent, the proposed project or undertaking will not cause significant negative environmental impacts and that the project proponent has complied with all the requirements of the EIS System. To strengthen the implementation of the EIS System, Administrative Order (AO) No. 42 was issued by the Office of the President of the Philippines in 2002. It provided for the streamlining of the ECC application processing and approval procedures. Pursuant to AO No. 42, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) promulgated DENR AO No. 2003-30, also known as the Implementing Rules and Regulations for the Philippine EIS System (IRR), in 2003. Under the IRR, in general, only projects that pose potential significant impact to the environment shall be required to secure ECCs.In determining the scope of the EIS System, two factors are considered: |Category |Description |Example | |Category A Environmentally |Projects that have significant |Golf courses | |Critical Projects (ECPs) |potential to cause negative | | | |environmental impacts | | |Category B |Projects that are not categorized as |Hotels and resorts that | |Environmentally Critical |ECPs , but which may cause negative |are located in ECAs | |Areas (ECAs) |environmental impacts because they are| | | |located in Environmentally Critical | | | |Areas (ECAs) | | |Category C |Projects intended to directly enhance |Other tourism projects | | |environmental quality or address |not locate d in ECAs, but| | |existing environmental problems not |would likely have | | |falling under Category A or B |impacts on the | | | |environment | |Category D |Projects unlikely to cause adverse |Small tourist shops or | | |environmental impacts |handicraft stores | i. The nature of the project and its potential to cause significant negative environmental impacts ii. The sensitivity or vulnerability of environmental resources in the project area Specifically, the criteria used for determining projects to be covered by the EIS System are as follows: a. Characteristics of the project or undertaking- i. Size of the project ii. Cumulative nature of impacts vis-a-vis other project iii. Use of natural resources iv. Generation of wastes and environmental-related nuisance v. Environmental-related hazards and risk accidents b. Location of the Project i.Vulnerability of the project area to disturbances due to its ecological importance, endangered or protected status ii. Conformity of the propo sed project to existing land use, based on approved zoning or on national laws and regulations iii. Relative abundance, quality and regenerative capacity of natural resources in the area, including the impact absorptive capacity of the environment. c. Nature of potential impact i. Geographic extent of the impact and the size of affected population ii. Magnitude and complexity of the impact iii. Likelihood, duration, frequency and reversibility of the impact The categories of projects under the EIS System are as follows : Small Scale Tourism ProjectsUnder the 1996 Philippine EIS System Guide, tourism projects are classified into small-scale and large scale projects. Small-scale tourism are considered projects in ECA’s. An ECA is an area considered projects as environmentally sensitive such that significant environmental impacts are expected if certain types of proposed projects or program s are located, developed or implemented it. Under the EIS system, proponents of small-sca le projects must prepare a project description (pd) The pd reviewed and evaluated by different entities . The following entities take part in the process. 1. Project proponent- prepares the pd or EIS documents, complies additional information, prepares and submits period compliance reports; 2.DENR Regional Executive Director- issues certificate of exemption, issues or denies ECC, issues closure, suspension, cessation order or impose fines and other penalties. 3. DENR Regional Technical Director- Environmental Management Protected Areas Services (EMPAS) determines need foe and facilitates public consultation. 4. DENR Regional Office EIA Division ( Ad hoc) evaluates pd or EIS document, chairs regional EIA Review Committee, inspects proposed sites, investigates ECC-related complaints, initiates public hearing, conducts and reports on compliance monitoring; 5. Regional EIS Review Committee- provides technical review of pd document, advises DENR regional offices on ECC issuance; 6. EMB E IA Group- supports DENR regional offices; 7.Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office (PENRO)- coordinates local government units (LGUs) and other local parties, conducts public awareness, assists in on-site inspection and monitoring; 8. LGUs- participate in multi-sectoral monitoring team; 9. NGOs and public- participate in multi-sectoral monitoring team. After review and evaluation of the pd and other pertinent documents, the RTD- EMPAS in coordination with the DENR Regional Office EIA Division, makes any of the following decisions. 1. Recommends the issuance of an ECC with conditions 2. Recommends that the proponent prepare a full EIS for the proposed project 3. Recommends the denial of the ECC Large Scale Tourism ProjectsUnder the 1998 Philippine EIS System Guide, large-scale tourism projects, like resort and hotels are considered ECPs. As such, it is required that an EIS be prepared. The EMD takes the lead in reviewing and processing EIS. The following entities partici pate in the process of review and evaluation of EIS; 1. Project proponent- prepares the pd or EIS documents, complies additional information, publishes notice of and makes presentation in public hearing, prepares and submits period in compliance reports, establishes Environmental Guarantee Fund; 2. DENR Secretary- issues/ denies ECC, issues cessation order 3. EMB Director- calls for a public hearing, appoints hearing officer, endorses the ECC or letter of denial to the DENR Secretary 4.EMB EIA Group- evaluates documents, serve as secretariat to EIA Review Committees, asks for additional information, initiates public hearing, solicits input from relevant government agencies, recommends issuance or denial of ECC and sometimes conducts compliance monitoring activities . 5. EMB EIA Review Committee- provides technical review EIS documents, advises EMB in need for public hearing and ECC issuance 6. DENR Regional Office- inspects proposed site, investigates EIS-related complaints, conduct s and reports on compliance monitoring 7. PENRO- coordinates local government units (LGUs) and other local parties, conducts public awareness, assists in on-site inspection and monitoring; 8. LGUs- participate in multi-sectoral monitoring team 9.NGOs, affected communities and public- participate in public hearing and in multi-sectoral monitoring team. Violation of ECC Conditions An ECC is a document issued by the DENR Secretary or the Regional Executive Director certifying that , based on the representation of the proponent and the preparers, the proposed project or undertaking will not cause a significant negative environmental impact; that the proponent has complied with all the requirements of the EIS system; and the proponent is committed to implement its approved environmental management plan in the Environmental Impact Assessment or mitigation measures in the Initial Environmental Examination. Once a project is issued an ECC, certain conditions go with it.These conditions will have to be strictly followed; otherwise, non compliance with the conditions will result suspension or cancellation of the ECC and/or fine not exceeding (50,000) pesos for every violation thereof, at discretion of the EMB. Lecture No. 2 Objectives 1. Explain the guest activity and programming model and its significance to successful resort operation. 2. Explain how knowledge of cultural differences and individual needs can be used by resort managers to design guest activities 3. Identify how cluster or activity analysis can help meet the objectives of a guest activity program 4. Describe the steps required to effectively plan a guest activity program 5.Identify the approaches and measuring instruments used in evaluating the effectiveness of guest activity programs 6. Resorts Management and Operations, Mill, Robert Christie 2008 References: Resorts Management and Operations, Mill, Robert Christie 2008 Tourism Law Philippine Setting 2nd edition , Javier, Nancy Joan 2008 Good programmi ng does not just happen; it is carefully planned for, thought about, and learned Farrel and Lundegren When guest are at a resort or on board ship for several days or weeks, they expect the facility to cater to their need for something to do. At resorts, this need is met by guest activity programs. What guest actually do is called recreation.Recreation is an activity that take place during ones free time, is enjoyable, freely chosen, and benefits the individual emotionally, socially, physically, cognitively and spiritually. The activity should be fun, it is something the guest chooses to do, and the guest will not fully enjoy the activity and their stay will be less enjoyable than it could be. Benefits of Guest Activity Programs The impact of a recreational or guest activity can extend far beyond the immediate benefits. Consider a couple hiking along a trail. They may experience one or more of the following benefits: †¢ Feeling good about getting exercise †¢ Enjoyment of th e sights and sounds of nature †¢ Mental relaxation Learning something about the natural environment †¢ Feeling closer to their partner To be satisfying, an activity must include: 1. Freedom- guest must be free to select the activities in which they want to participate 2. Perceived competence- guests must be able to match their skill level to the activity such that they feel they can successfully participate. 3. Intrinsic motivation-truly satisfying activities are those that are chosen to satisfy an inner drive rather than to satisfy or impress others. 4. Locus of control- guest need to have some degree of control over the experience, be it in the selection of teammates or when or where the activity 5.Positive effect- the result of a satisfying activity is that guests enjoy the experience after participating in it. Recreation programs are purposeful interventions which are deliberately designed and constructed in order to produce certain behavioural outcomes. Guest activity programming involves five steps: 1. Assess needs of guest 2. Define objective for the activities that will meet guest needs. 3. Perform cluster or activity analysis designed to meet the objectives 4. Administer the activity 5. Evaluate the experience with respect to its success in meeting guest needs Evaluation of the activity might lead to reassessment of any of the earlier steps.Development and operation of any program occurs within the context of, and is influenced by external factors: †¢ Historical influences- the tradition and philosophy of the resort †¢ Environmental influences- time of the year, weather, etc †¢ Cultural influences- ethnicity, age and religion of the guests †¢ Social influences- fads, trends, news †¢ Organizational influences- values and mission of the company Finally, guests, staff, equipment, and facilities are brought together to deliver the guest experience. The key to understanding guest motivation is to see the activities they e ngage in as satisfiers of needs and wants. Guests do not participate in guest activity programs just to relax and have fun.They do so in the hope and belief that these activities will satisfy, either wholly or partially, needs and wants important to them. Needs Assessment Needs assessment is â€Å" a systematic inquiry about needs, attitudes, behaviours, and patterns of both participants and non-participants† . Its purpose is to identify what is important to guests in order to better design and deliver guest activity programs that leave guests satisfied with the program and consequently, in the resort. Constraints should be noted. 1. Needs are infinite- the resort cannot totally satisfy the needs of every guest 2. Conflicts between different segments of the market are inevitable- teens want different activities than seniors. Several techniques an be used to conduct a needs assessment 1. Existing guest are asked what interests them or what interests them or what activities the y currently undertake. 2. People who do not use the programs and who do not take part in the activities might also be surveyed as to their reasons. 3. National figures are available on trends in recreation. Resort amenities can have primary and secondary uses. As an assist in thinking about secondary uses for facilities and areas, in addition to implementing the multi-use concept, list all of the facilities and areas on the property and note the possible activities for which they could be used. Goals and ObjectivesThe goals and objectives of the guest activity programs nest within those set for the resort itself. Goals are broad, general, final outcomes. The overall goals of the resort might be to produce profits by satisfying guests. The guest activity goal might be: a. Provide satisfying experiences for guests b. Aid in skill development c. Increase guests health and well-being d. Encourage social interaction among guest Objectives are much more specific and short-term. The resort might set objectives relative to occupancy, rate and percentage of guests who return. Objectives should be set for the overall guest activity program as well as for every individual program and activity offered. Cluster and Activity AnalysisThe next step in the process is to identify activities that can help guests meet the stated objectives. Two ways of doing this are activity analysis and cluster analysis. Activity Analysis Activity analysis involves determining how each part of an activity can contribute to meeting goals and objectives. Each activity can be broken down according to the following criteria: †¢ Behavioural domain †¢ Skill level, from low to high †¢ Interaction patterns, from individual to group †¢ Leadership required, from minimum to maximum †¢ Equipment required, from none to required †¢ Duration, from a set of time through a natural end to continues †¢ Facilities required, from none to required Participants, from one to any numb er †¢ Age appropriateness Cluster Analysis Cluster analysis clusters activities that yield similar benefits. Each activity becomes a variable, the correlation between participation in two variables is computed, and the cluster is based on the correlation that results. The following criteria are used to determine clusters: †¢ Degree of skill required †¢ Level of activity †¢ Nature of the group needed †¢ Amount of risk or danger †¢ Special facilities needed The implication is that people can be typed based on their choice of activity. From existing levels of participation, staff can identify which complimentary activities might be popular. Group A |Group B |Group C |Group D | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Beach resorts: The Impact of Development on Operation A variety of recreational activities utilize water as the major attractions: ? Natural beaches, which can be used for sunbathing, swimming a nd beach combing.Very popular, they may require little development, though maintenance can be high. Beaches allow for a variety of complementary activities, including snorkelling and scuba diving. ? Open space and trails, typically found around lakes and wetlands. They can be used as sites for fishing or camping or for observing wild life, and fit well into the ecotourism movement ? Golf courses, many U. S. resorts exploit ocean front settings to highlight their golf facilities ? Residential development, as home site on the waterfront generate premium prices. Care must be taken to balance preservation of the often sensitive ecology and obtaining an economic return on the investment. Commercial development, such as hotels, retail stores, and restaurants. This most intense type of waterfront development must be approached carefully because of environmental concerns. ? Cruise ship, which after all, are nothing more than floating resorts/hotels/restaurants ? Spas Beach Development Six i mportant aspects warrant consideration with respect to beach development: the sea, seashore, beach, back beach, coastal stretch and surrounding community/country. SeaA variety of factors related to sea affect the attractiveness of the site: Air temperature, there is a high correlation between swimming and maximum air temperature and a fairly high correlation between beach use and maximum air temperatureAmount and intensity of the wind and sun, there is a weak inverse relationship between both swimming and beach use and wind. There is a straight line correlation between sunshine hours and both swimming and beach use. The correlation is higher than that of maximum air temperature for beach use and lower for swimming. Water temperature, including temperature range Currents, tides, and waves, including their direction, strength and seasonality. Wave action and the corresponding erosion, is greater when beaches are exposed to the main channel of a lake. On the other hand, beaches develop ed on lakes are subject to less erosion when placed on the side of a bay Ecology, including seaweed and fishPollution, state-of-the art sewage treatment plants use ultraviolet light radiation to destroy bacteria and microorganisms before they passed into the surrounding environment. Clarity of the water, passed germ test for bathing waters Possible attractions, such as islands, coral and conditions for water recreation. Seashore The seashore consists of the surface under the water, extending out to a depth of 6 feet. Mud bottoms have to be stabilized with crushed rocks as a base and a coarse sand layover. Bathers should be able to walk into the water a sufficient distance to allow them to engage in play activities without risk of danger from tidal movement. Beach People do not want to walk too far to get into water, neither do they want to feel too crowded.Lifeguard platforms are the only service facility in this zone. Back BeachThe back beach offers views to both the sea and inland . Vegetation and the effect of the microclimate must be considered because of the fragile nature of the resource. Coastal Stretch The coastal stretch consists of the beach environment. This is where service facilities and access roads are placed. Surrounding Community/ CountryThe country surrounding the beach development provided the setting for the attraction. Natural attractions, the extent of development, surrounding infrastructure, and the opportunity for excursions all need to be considered. Beach Resorts: Profile of the Beach Resort GuestBeaches and Islands, according to the Travel Industry Association of America, people who travel to beaches on vacation take longer holidays and spend more money compared to the average vacationer. They are most likely bring the children along, to fly to the destination, and to rent a car when they arrive. A person-trip is defined as one person travelling at least 50 miles one way from home. The top states that benefit from coastal tourism are the following: ? California ? Florida ? New Jersey ? Hawaii Scuba Travel, scuba diving is a $2. 6 billion annual business in the US alone. Approximately $640 million a year is spent on equipment with the remainder going to travel, dining, lodging and boat hire. In terms of snorkelling and diving the top spots are: ? Cayman Islands ? Mexico Australia ? Hawaii Romance Related, according to TIAA, more than 42 million Americans take at least one trip a year to attend wedding, go on honey moon, or celebrate an anniversary. The top honey moon beach locations are: ? Hawaii ? Mexico ? Jamaica ? Tahiti ? Cayman Islands Managing the Resource In 1987, the Blue Flag concept began as an eco-lab â€Å" certifying beaches as meeting quality standards relating to water quality, safety, environmental management and environmental education. The following are specified for beaches: Water Quality, it is vital that beaches meet water quality standards for microbiological and physical-chemical parameter s.The quality of the water in terms of physical-parameters are the following: †¢ The pH should be between 6. 5 and 8. 5 (in Caribbean and South Pacific) or 6 to 9 (Europe) †¢ There should be no visible oil film on the water and no odour †¢ The beach should be monitored for oil pollution deposits †¢ Nothing floating on the surface (plastic articles, bottles, etc. ) †¢ Water should be transparent †¢ There should be no abnormal change in the color of the water †¢ No specific odour from phenols should be present Environmental Management, a beach management committee must be established to be in charge of instituting environmental management systems and conducting regular environmental audits of the beach facility.Safety and Services, providing information to and educating beach users about safety concerns should be additional elements of a safety strategy. Life saving equipment includes such things as life buoys, torpedo buoys, hook, life vest, life ra fts, etc. First aid can be made available in several ways: ? A lifeguard on site ? An attended first-aid station with trained personnel ? Equipment located in a shop or other beach facilities at the beach ? Directly available to the public on the beach Development of Spas The original spa was a mineral hot springs place in Belgium in a village called Spau. Taking the waters, became popular with the upper classes for reasons of health.The promotion of a healthy lifestyle based on a combination of exercise, weight loss and pampering. The following definitions are widely used: Resort spa- the resort spa is located on the property of a hotel , normally in a resort where other sports and activities are offered besides the spa program itself. Amenity spa- similar to the resort spa, the amenity spa is added as an amenity to a hotel or resort. Destination spa- the destination spa is a hotel property targeted to the spa guest and focusing on specific health and fitness programs. Outside gues ts are not part of the program. Benefits Having a spa at a resort seems to have economic advantages for the property.Resort general managers indicate that the spa enhances the following aspects of their business: ? Room rate ? Perceived value for money ? Occupancy ? Length of stay ? Marketing advantage ? Revenue per occupied room ? Number of people per occupied room Benefits for the guest ? Stress reduction and relaxation ? To look good/appear young ? To feel more sexy and attractive ? Pursuing a spa lifestyle Spa regulars dislike: ? Having to appear naked for treatments ? Treatments derived from chocolates ? Any evidence of lack of cleanliness or poor hygiene ? Pretentious spas ? Finding a hotel spa fully booked The cost structure of a spa, as a percentage of revenue, can be: ? Payroll ? Payroll with benefits ? Operating expenses Net operating income, when spa is responsible for all expenses excluding rent ? NOI, when the spa is responsible for payroll and products only Revenue bre akdown for the hotel spa department: ? Massage ? Spa treatment ? Club membership dues ? Salon treatments ? Clothing/merchandise Layout and Design The basic component of a spa include ? Reception area ? Separate men’s and women’s locker room and facilities ? Men’s and women’s steam rooms ? Lounge which include a juice bar and small cafe ? Dry treatments ? Wet treatments ? Staffed fitness studio with exercise machine ? Retail store ? Salon The equipment in a spa 1. Facial equipment 2. Basic body treatment 3. Hydrotherapy Swimming PoolsThere are a number of different types of pools that can be part of the resort amenities: 1. Lap pools with lanes for swimmer 2. Sports pools for exercise and games 3. Reflecting pool to compliment picturesque landscaping 4. Traditional diving pool for safe diving 5. Splash pool for family fun Maintenance According to some expert, an attractive pool is one of the most visible and cost effective amenities. Keeping the pool attra ctive requires constant maintenance 1. Know your chemistry- to extent=d the life of the pool and reducing repairs is keeping the water chemistry in balance. 2. Renovation 3. Starting over- there comes a time when it’s cheaper to tear out the pool and start over rather than to repair it. SafetyThe liability concerns the presence of pools represents a difficult challenge for management. Management has to be particularly concerned with: 1. Responsible adult supervision 2. Diving 3. Electrical hazards 4. Ladders, steps and hand trails 5. Drowning prevention 6. Water clarity 7. Water chemistry 8. Heaters Reference: Resorts Management and Operation, 2nd edition, Mill, Robert Christie ———————– Historical Influences Environmental Influences Organizational Influences Cultural Influences Social Influences Assess Guest Needs Develop Objectives Cluster/ Activity Analysis Activity Experience Evaluation GuestEquipment/ Resources Guest Activity Facilities Staff

House Overwhelmingly Approves K to 12 Bill on Third and Final Reading Essay

A bill that will ensure the continuity of K to 12 and its corresponding funding by the state has been approved overwhelmingly by the House of Representatives by a vote of 190 in favor and eight against. The Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2012, or House Bill 6643, was approved on third reading yesterday. It will then be reconciled with the Senate version for amendments and improvements until it becomes a law. Education Secretary Br. Armin Luistro FSC said that DepEd is thankful for the support of the lawmakers in spearheading legislation that will open more opportunities to the Filipino youth by way of an education system that is relevant to the learners, the community, and industries. â€Å"We are getting closer to our goal of putting in place a basic education system that responds directly to what our learners need and to what the employment and entrepreneurship sectors require, even as it gives enough preparation for students who are geared for higher education,† added Luistro. K to 12 starts with Univeral Kindergarten which mandates all public elementary schools to offer kindergarten class and accept 5-year old learners beginning 2011. It is followed by six years of Elementary, four years of Junior High School, and two years of Senior High School where students will pursue their preferred career track depending on their skills and inclination. K to 12 does not preclude students from pursuing a college degree and gives them better preparation for the rigors of higher learning. Luistro has expressed his appreciation to the K to 12 proponents in the House of Representatives, especially Rep. Rosenda Ann Ocampo, Committee on Basic Education and Culture Presiding Officer, Speaker Feliciano Belmonte, and the late Salvador Escudero III. The K to 12 bill in the Senate is being championed by Senator Edgardo Angara. A most recent survey conducted by the Social Weather Station revealed that majority of the respondents approved of K to 12 and are confident that it will bring the much-needed reform in the country’s educational system.

Drug Testing or Personal Freedom essays

Drug Testing or Personal Freedom essays Drug Testing or Personal Freedom? Should school officials be allowed to perform random searches, urine testing and other tactics to prevent drug use in our schools? The answer is no because these policies invade personal freedom. The fourth amendment of the Bill of Rights protects United States Citizens from such warrant-less searches without reasonable suspicion. My junior year in high school, I had my first encounter with Mrs. Sherry H. Mrs. H. taught American History, which focused a lot on civil rights and laws. It was only an hour class and every minute was worth listening. Class discussions were very political, but that was her way of getting us ready for the real world. Seeing things with open eyes was one of her favorite sayings. She strongly encouraged us to stand up for what we believed in, whether it was constitutional or unconstitutional. In 1996, a random school search took place at W. F. High. Marijuana was found on school property. Though the shocking news traveled fast, nobody knew details of what was found or where it was found. Four years prior Savannah -Chatham County Board Of Education adopted a Safe School Plan, better known as zero tolerance for drugs, alcohol, and weapons. The board also followed up with a specific Drug Free Workplace (DFWP) for its employees. Its purpose is to deter user and abusers of alcohol, drugs and other controlled substances. Mrs. H.s car was searched and marijuana was found. Mrs. H. was instructed to take a drug test within two hours of the notice. We all knew how much Mrs. H. was against drug tests and random searches. Just by the way she watch the police like a hawk, making sure we were not violate of our right. Nobody knew this was the last time we would see Mrs. H. at W. F High. She was fired after refusing to take the drug test. The school board said it was an act of insubordination refusing to take the d...

Using Mademoiselle and Miss in French

Using Mademoiselle and Miss in French The French courtesy title mademoiselle (pronounced mad-moi-zell) is a traditional way of  addressing young and unmarried women. But this form of address,  literally translated as my young lady, is also considered sexist by some people, and in recent years the French government has banned its use in official documents. Despite this sentiment, some still use  mademoiselle  in conversation, especially in formal situations or among older speakers. Usage There are three honorifics commonly used in French, and they function much the way Mr., Mrs., and Miss do in American English. Men of all ages, married or single, are addressed as monsieur. Married women are addressed as madame, as are older women. Young and unmarried women are addressed as  mademoiselle.  As in English, these titles are capitalized when used in conjunction with a persons name. They are also capitalized when functioning as proper pronouns in French and can be abbreviated: Monsieur M.Madame Mme.Mademoiselle Mlle Unlike English, where the honorific Ms. can be used to address women regardless of age or marital status, there is no equivalent in French. Today, youll still hear  mademoiselle  being used, though usually by older French speakers for whom the term is still traditional. It is also occasionally used in formal situations. Most younger French speakers do not use the term, particularly in large cities like Paris. Guidebooks sometimes advise visitors to avoid using the term as well. Instead, use  monsieur  and  madame  in all cases. Controversy In 2012  the French government officially banned the use of mademoiselle for  all government documents. Instead,  madame  would be used for women of any age and marital status. Likewise, the terms  nom de jeune fille  (maiden name) and  nom dà ©pouse  (married name) would be replaced by  nom de famille  and  nom dusage, respectively.   This move wasnt entirely unexpected. The French government had considered doing the same thing back in 1967 and again in 1974. In 1986 a law was passed allowing married women and men to use the legal name of their choice on official documents. And in 2008 the city of Rennes eliminated the use of  mademoiselle  on all official paperwork. Four years later, the campaign to make this change official on a national level had gained momentum. Two  feminist groups, Osez le fà ©minisme! (Dare to be feminist!) and Les Chiennes de Garde (The watchdogs), lobbied the government for months and are credited with persuading Prime Minister Franà §ois Fillon to support the cause. On Feb. 21, 2012, Fillon issued an official decree banning the word. Sources Darrieussecq, Marie. Madame, Mademoiselle: In  France These Are About Sex, not Respect. TheGuardian.com, 24 February 2012.Samuel, Henry. Mademoiselle Banned on Official French Forms. Telegraph.co.uk, 22 February 2012.Sayre, Scott. ‘Mademoiselle’ Exits Official France. NYTimes.com, 22 February 2012.

What Does it Cost to Attend the University of California-Davis?

Located in the college town of Davis in sunny California, UC Davis is a public research university a part of the University of California system. With four colleges and seven graduate and professional schools, UC Davis is known for its cutting-edge research as well as interdisciplinary approach to learning. If you’re considering applying to or attending UC Davis, read on to learn more about how you might navigate the tuition prices, and get more help in paying for an education at UC Davis. You’ll probably see many different numbers from many sources regarding college costs, but some can be misleading. A good place to start for estimating how much a four-year education at any institution is to go to the institution’s page for tuition and financial aid . However, know that the tuition you see listed on the university’s website—what we call the list price– only a good place to start, for most students will not end up paying that price. The costs of college are highly variable. What you will actually pay is based on many different factors from family income to on-campus employment. This is what we call the net cost , the amount families actually pay out of their pockets. In general, the amount of aid you receive comes down to three parts: We’re going to look at each of these in how they can lower net cost. Tuition for colleges generally rise each year. That being said, for the 2016-2017, the list price for UC Davis was $34,967 for in-state students and $61,649 for out-of-state students. This number includes tuition, room and board, and other student necessities such as a student activities fee. Remember that the families who pay the full list price are those whose annual household income is greater than $175,000. The good news is that many students receive financial aid. For the 2016-2017 school year, the average net cost of attendance with financial aid at UC Davis was $30,198 for in-state students and $56,880 for out-of-state students. When it comes to financial aid awarded, the greater your family’s financial need, the more need-based aid your student will qualify for. In the table below, we have the average net costs for Davis students after receiving financial aid based on family income: Merit aid, different from need-based aid, is awarded based on exceptional performance and potential in regards to academics and/or extracurriculars, and does not factor in a family’s financial need. Merit aid often comes in the form of a scholarship. At Uc Davis, 211.4% of students without financial need receive merit aid . In 2016, the average amount awarded was $395. The average net price for students who didn’t qualify for financial aid was $34,572 for in-state students, and $61,254 for out-of-state students . Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. If you think your student might still need additional help financing their college education, this is the time to look at federal student loans. Remember that loans need to be paid back, often with interest. Taking out loans is often for Davis students. In 2016, 68% of students took out loans, with an average amount of $2,801 per student. It’s important to understand past-student outcomes at a school to get a sense of your student’s â€Å"return† on their â€Å"college investment†. At UC Davis, 79% of students graduate within 6 years, and the average salary ten years after graduation is $58,200. Aside from tuition, room and board, health insurance, and student fees, college students will inevitably have other expenses, so it’s useful to look at local area living costs. Of course, if your student plans on living off-campus, this is even more important. Davis, California has an overall cost of living index of 153 ; it’s 1.5 times more expensive to live in Davis than in the rest of the U.S. in general. Housing costs contribute the most to Davis’ relatively high cost of living; with a housing index of 255, Davis’ rentals go for 2.5 times higher than the national average. Students looking to find off-campus housing can expect to pay around $1,353 in rent for a 1-bedroom apartment, and $2,478 for a 3-bedroom . While the UC Davis campus offers many student job opportunities, students looking to find off-campus jobs will be glad to know that the California minimum wage is now $12 per hour. Private, merit-based scholarships are an excellent way to help reduce your net cost further for college. To begin, you can take a look at UC Davis’ page for external scholarships . You can also take a look at our guide to the National Merit Scholarship program , for which anyone who takes the PSAT is considered for qualification. Another way to help finance an education at UC Davis is right here at , with our College Applications Program . In addition to helping students get into their dream schools, we also help them earn more aid to pay for college and make the right financial decisions.

System of Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

System of Government - Essay Example In the view of the aforesaid all the states by the system of government are divided in monarchies and republics. In the given essay the republican form of board will be considered. Republic is the system of government, according to which the higher authority in the state belongs to elective bodies: to parliament and to president, which carry out the control over the government, there is also an independent justice and institutions of local governing. The republican system of government was generated in the Athenian state. In the process of development of public life it changed, got new features, was more and more filled with the democratic essence. Parliamentary republic is a version of the modern system of the state government when the supreme role in the organization of the state life belongs to parliament. In such republic the government is formed by parliamentary method from among the deputies belonging to those parties, who have the majority of voices in parliament. The government bears collective responsibility before the parliament. The government remains in power till they possess the majority in parliament. In case of loss of trust of the majority members of parliament the government or retires, or with the help of the head of the state achieves the dissolution of parliament and prescheduled parliamentary elections. As a rule, the head of the state in such republics is selected by the parliament or specially created parliamentary board. Appointment of the head of the state by the parliament is the main kind of the parliamentary control over executive authority. The procedure of election of the head of the state in modern parliamentary republics is not the same. In Italy for example the members of both Houses select the president of republic at their joint session, but thus in elections participate three deputies from each region. In federative states participation of parliament in election of the head of the state, is also divided with representatives of members of federation. So in Germany the president is elected by the federal assembly consisting from members of the Bundestag, and the same number of the persons chosen by landtags on the basis of proportional representation.

Week 6 Discussion Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 6 Discussion Questions - Assignment Example Lowering unemployment is key to improving the economy. 2. An increase in jobs alone will improve the economy somewhat. More jobs means more money in the pockets of consumers. Seeing that nearly 2/3 of all economic activity in the United States is driven by consumer purchases, this is good news. Other factors such a credit markets and government debt will affect the economy as well. These will need addressed as well as unemployment. 3. The current economic state is largely due to corrupt and unethical practices in the financial sector, specifically in home mortgage lending. Unethical lenders were profiting by lending money to individuals and families that they knew would never be able to repay. Housing starts skyrocketed because people were building homes they actually couldn’t afford. Everyone thought they could just sell their homes at some point in the near future and pay them off. The problem is the shady lending practices were exposed, the credit default swaps all came due and there wasn’t enough money to go around to pay everyone affected. The current state of the housing market is the result of these unwise

Leadership and management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Leadership and management - Assignment Example This particular report is based on a case study that involves a hospital trust that has been encountering severe problems with regard to its management and leadership at all levels, thus affecting the overall performance and effectiveness of the organization. A change in the organizational structure and leadership has been proposed where I being the Learning & Development (L&D) manager, along with the selected HR Director, would determine the impact of the current structure on the new changes that are being proposed, thereby trying to recommend measures to reduce the effects of such risks and impacts. Some of the major issues that are reflected from the case include the ineffectiveness of the trust’s leadership, management and hierarchical structure of organization, the culture of divisive inward looking, as well as the ineffectiveness of the doctors and generalist managers to deal with budgets and personnel. The new changes would include increased engagement of the employees, improved customer services, reformation of human resource management and development, and also focus more on the function of learning and development. 2. Impact of the Present Structure and Culture on the Changes Being Proposed: The Need and Positive Effects of the Changes: Considering the role of the leaders and the human resources (HR) managers, it is needed to be mentioned here that practices of HR within an organization determine to a large extent the activities and measurement of performances and decide on the styles of leadership that need to be followed within the organization. With changes in the organizational structure, leadership, culture there are significant effects on the organization and its employees that are associated with the changes. For example, for existing employees, adaptation to new organizational structure, leadership, HR practices and new culture become difficult (Searle and Skinner 2011). Downsizing and redundancy are two major issues occurring as a resu lt that has been in the case of the hospital trust in concern. With different work experience, the efficiency of work by the existing employees is likely to be further affected (Searle and Skinner 2011). As far as codes of National Health Service (NHS) are concerned, it is essential that all personnel can act accountably for all their acts and performances. Honesty is a major factor that every employee should follow. Without such accountability, professional standards among the hospital trust cannot be achieved (Code of Conduct- Code of Accountability in the NHS n.d.). With the case of the hospital trust in concern, it can be realized that an inward-looking culture that prevails in the trust where doctors do not find themselves being ineffective in dealing with budgets and people, thus not being accountable. In addition they consider the generalist managers as ineffective and look down to them. Such actions reflect very less chances of improvement unless the behaviors of the members change. However, as the new team of HR and I, together plan for new recruitment, the problem that can arise is with the negative performances of those employees who stay. There is also

Evidence-Based Practice Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Evidence-Based Practice Project - Assignment Example It would be appropriate to get consent or approval for the potential subjects because most of them will not be of legal age. It would be appropriate to seek approval from the relevant institutions such as the school administration or the parents to ensure that the process of implementing the solution is legal and addresses issues of confidentiality and ethical consideration. This project will take about three to four months to carry out because there are several aspects that must be covered to ensure that the potential solution is well addressed in terms of risks and potential benefits. The timeline will cover aspects such as the identification of the population for study, identification of the potential study group, and selection of the subjects from the sample among other aspects. This will allow for proper decision-making on whether to fully implement the solution (Cooke-Davies, 2002). The implementation of the proposed solution will require different resources to ensure that it is done in the required manner. First, human resource will be required in terms of the subjects that will be used as the study participants. As already stated, these will be taken from teenagers. The human resource will also feature research assistants who will help me collect the data and results from the chosen group. Secondly, I will need fiscal resources to cover the expenses that will be needed for instance printing of materials, searching and looking for the echocardiography machines, movement when administering the research among others. Time will also be a resource, as it will be needed here. Changes might be needed in the implementation of the solution. For example, a study subject might decide not to participate at the middle of the intervention calling for inclusion of a new subject, the machines could not be readily be available or the fiscal resource could be limited. However, such changes will be determined in the

Human Resources Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Resources Management - Assignment Example Most people can also express themselves more clearly when they talk rather than the writing it down. Lastly, a spoken message can be delivered in a much more human and understanding way which helps to reduce any prejudices against the speaker. For employee feedback on short and regular basis, a more convenient way of communicating may be used. Weekly evaluations may be applied. In this method, employees are given a chance to write their reactions and feedbacks regarding certain matters. It is less costly and less time consuming. For periodic communication, a monthly meeting may be held which is also a face to face communication. These meetings should be held in a way where employees may be free to discuss their opinions without the fear of losing their jobs or being "picked-on" by the bosses. There should be trust and confidence so that reactions and opinions may be better expressed by everyone/ Business decisions may not always be certain but the issues must be understood by all. The employees also need to be understood as people who think a lot and observe a lot, therefore having many different opinions so it is good to know them and what they can do. The bottom line is that you are dealing with people and people's opinions may be affected, changed or directed depending on how you communicate with them so you must be aware of the different things that is happening not only within the company but also outside, especially those which may affect the company in more ways than one. Exercise: 106 Tutor: Dr Alan C Arokiam Title: Pollock Mining and Pulverising plc Subject: ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT II Level: 3 Exercise 22 Tutor: Dr Alan C Arokiam Title: Decision Trees Table A If company's prices are: Low Medium High Profit if there is no competitor Low 30 42 45 50 Medium 34 45 49 70 High 10 30 53 90 Table B If company's prices are: Low Medium High Low 0.8 0.15 0.05 Medium 0.2 0.7 0.1 High 0.05 0.35 0.6 References:

Leadership and management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Leadership and management - Assignment Example This particular report is based on a case study that involves a hospital trust that has been encountering severe problems with regard to its management and leadership at all levels, thus affecting the overall performance and effectiveness of the organization. A change in the organizational structure and leadership has been proposed where I being the Learning & Development (L&D) manager, along with the selected HR Director, would determine the impact of the current structure on the new changes that are being proposed, thereby trying to recommend measures to reduce the effects of such risks and impacts. Some of the major issues that are reflected from the case include the ineffectiveness of the trust’s leadership, management and hierarchical structure of organization, the culture of divisive inward looking, as well as the ineffectiveness of the doctors and generalist managers to deal with budgets and personnel. The new changes would include increased engagement of the employees, improved customer services, reformation of human resource management and development, and also focus more on the function of learning and development. 2. Impact of the Present Structure and Culture on the Changes Being Proposed: The Need and Positive Effects of the Changes: Considering the role of the leaders and the human resources (HR) managers, it is needed to be mentioned here that practices of HR within an organization determine to a large extent the activities and measurement of performances and decide on the styles of leadership that need to be followed within the organization. With changes in the organizational structure, leadership, culture there are significant effects on the organization and its employees that are associated with the changes. For example, for existing employees, adaptation to new organizational structure, leadership, HR practices and new culture become difficult (Searle and Skinner 2011). Downsizing and redundancy are two major issues occurring as a resu lt that has been in the case of the hospital trust in concern. With different work experience, the efficiency of work by the existing employees is likely to be further affected (Searle and Skinner 2011). As far as codes of National Health Service (NHS) are concerned, it is essential that all personnel can act accountably for all their acts and performances. Honesty is a major factor that every employee should follow. Without such accountability, professional standards among the hospital trust cannot be achieved (Code of Conduct- Code of Accountability in the NHS n.d.). With the case of the hospital trust in concern, it can be realized that an inward-looking culture that prevails in the trust where doctors do not find themselves being ineffective in dealing with budgets and people, thus not being accountable. In addition they consider the generalist managers as ineffective and look down to them. Such actions reflect very less chances of improvement unless the behaviors of the members change. However, as the new team of HR and I, together plan for new recruitment, the problem that can arise is with the negative performances of those employees who stay. There is also

Human Resources Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Resources Management - Assignment Example Most people can also express themselves more clearly when they talk rather than the writing it down. Lastly, a spoken message can be delivered in a much more human and understanding way which helps to reduce any prejudices against the speaker. For employee feedback on short and regular basis, a more convenient way of communicating may be used. Weekly evaluations may be applied. In this method, employees are given a chance to write their reactions and feedbacks regarding certain matters. It is less costly and less time consuming. For periodic communication, a monthly meeting may be held which is also a face to face communication. These meetings should be held in a way where employees may be free to discuss their opinions without the fear of losing their jobs or being "picked-on" by the bosses. There should be trust and confidence so that reactions and opinions may be better expressed by everyone/ Business decisions may not always be certain but the issues must be understood by all. The employees also need to be understood as people who think a lot and observe a lot, therefore having many different opinions so it is good to know them and what they can do. The bottom line is that you are dealing with people and people's opinions may be affected, changed or directed depending on how you communicate with them so you must be aware of the different things that is happening not only within the company but also outside, especially those which may affect the company in more ways than one. Exercise: 106 Tutor: Dr Alan C Arokiam Title: Pollock Mining and Pulverising plc Subject: ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT II Level: 3 Exercise 22 Tutor: Dr Alan C Arokiam Title: Decision Trees Table A If company's prices are: Low Medium High Profit if there is no competitor Low 30 42 45 50 Medium 34 45 49 70 High 10 30 53 90 Table B If company's prices are: Low Medium High Low 0.8 0.15 0.05 Medium 0.2 0.7 0.1 High 0.05 0.35 0.6 References:

Work From Home Essay Example for Free

Work From Home Essay Are you tired of the common grind you must deal with on a daily basis? Does you current job leave you with limited career and salary opportunities? If so, have you thought of going into business for yourself and working from home? Now, some may assume that such an option is really not possible and that all those advertised work from home pitches are gimmicks and scams. Well, the reality of the matter is that working from home is the wave of the self-employed future and it brings with it a number of opportunities to earn significant income. One of the best resources for earning additional income working from home is Poly Promotions ProfitableJobs. com as it provides a multitude of ideas for wealth creation. Often, many of the ideas offered by ProfitableJobs. com are relatively simply concepts that are often overlooked, but are also consistently successful. In todays day an age, there are a number of options that are available to people that previously did not exist prior. Because of the great expansion of the internet and other forms of communication the ability to work from home has become a reality. Of society has shifted many times over the past centuries as it has gone from an agricultural based society to an industrial based society and now to a technological based society. In the past, there were no home computers, notebooks or iPods. Today, because we have such great access to a number of technological/communicative devices the ability to work from home differs very little from heading into the office to work. This has opened a plethora of financial opportunities for an individual to take advantage. Every week after initially signing up, ProfitableJobs. com will send you a series of email tips for work at home money making opportunities. Most of these opportunities involve very little start up money and are not complex ventures to take part in. As such, there is no reason not to take advantage of these opportunities as they bring a variety of benefits not the least of which may be financial independence.

How Global Capitalism Creates Economic Zones

How Global Capitalism Creates Economic Zones Requirement question: According to dependence theory, how does the global capitalist system create distinctive economic zones in the world? What is the effect on the states? DEPENDENCE THEORY: HOW GLOBAL CAPITALIST SYSTEM CREATE DISTINCTIVE ECONOMIC ZONES AND. A theory according to the Oxford dictionaries it is defined as a system of ideas intended to explain something supposition. (Oxyford Dictionaries) It is a set of interrelated concepts trying to explain a phenomenon. Dependence theory is a body of knowledge/perception composed of different works from different contributors. They have varying definitions of dependence theory. However, there are three common features to these definitions which most dependency-theorist share. The first character is that they view the world in two sets of states, the dominant verses dependent or center verses periphery or metropolitan verses satellite. The center/metropolitan/dominant are the developed, industrialized nations/states/countries in the (OECD) Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development while the periphery/satellite/dependent are the third world countries with low per capital also refered to as the undeveloped or developing nations/states. (Ferraro, 2008) Second, they portray a view that there are external forces such International commodity markets, foreign assistance, and other means that are utilized by the industrialized countries to represent and push for their economic interest abroad. These are usually unfair to the third world countries in one way or the other. (Ferraro, 2008) Thirdly, these theorists indicate that the relations between the dominant states and the dependent nations not only do they intensify unequal patterns between the states but also they reinforce unequal patterns and these relationships are dynamic. Moreover, dependency is a very deep-seated historical process rooted in the internationalization of capitalism. (Ferraro, 2008) The dependency theorists attempts to explain the state of being undeveloped of the third world countries by examining the patterns of interactions arguing that inequality among the nations comes from within or. (Ferraro, 2008) The theorist to this theory holds that international capitalism is the driving force behind dependency relationships the spread of the contemporary world system. (Robbins, 2010) They explain poverty and slow or no know development among other problems faced by third world countries as having their roots or arising from the global capitalist systems. (Angotti 1981, pp. 124-125; Jackson Soensen 2010, p.207). (Ball, 2012) The dependent/periphery states supply raw materials such as minerals, agricultural commodities and labor at a cheap price to the industrialized countries due to the established relationship. The dependent countries also provide market for the manufactured goods, which are sold at high prices, market for the obsolescent technologies and surplus capital for the developed countries. The economy of the dependent states due to this is oriented towards the outside looking up for goods, services, and money to flow from the developed states to them. Unfortunately, for them the allocation of these resources is determined by the industrialized/dominant states and their economic interest (Ferraro, 2008) The spread of the capitalist world system has been accompanied by the creation of distinctive patterns of social relations, ways of viewing the world, patterns of health and disease, relationships to the environment and so on. (Robbins, 2010) How global capitalist system create distinctive economic zones People from the third world countries/dependent/periphery/satellite states are not responsible for the developmental failures of their societies, a view of the neo-Marxist dependency theory. Andre Gunder Frank one of the leading theorists of dependency theory lack of development in these dependent states is because the Developed nations have deliberately undeveloped them. Some of the ways Western nations under develop the third world countries include: Global capitalism- according to Frank argues there exists a global system of capitalism. In this system the developed nations exploits the dependent nations/the periphery. The dependent states are The periphery is kept in a state of dependency and under development kept in an undeveloped state to continue providing cheap raw materials and labour to the developing countries. Historically this relationship of exploitation and dependency occurred through slave trade and colonization and today though aids given by the developed states to the dependency state, multinational companies practices and through international trading systems which the West dominates (revisionworld) Historical exploitation-slavery and colonialism- Frank points out that the trade in slavery earned big profits to both the slave traders and the plantation owners who utilized this source of cheap labour in the18th century. These countries super accumulated capital from this and the capital was invested in industrial revolution and consequently helped kick-start industrial development. According to Paul Harrison, by use of military technology Europe conquered and colonized many states around the world in the 18th century. The colonies were exploited for law materials for their industries, cheap food and cheap labor. Some of the land used traditionally for growing food was turned to production of cash crops for export while in other places new farms were created. (revisionworld) Contemporary exploitation- this is exploitation through international trade. The way world trade is organized today is a legacy of colonialism. Though most of the countries achieved their political independent their economies still is based on exporting cash crop and raw material to the Developed countries and are over-dependent on either one or two products therefore any over production or fall in Western demand of the products can be detrimental to the country’s economy. The Western nations further limit the export earnings of dependency states by setting the prices for many of their products and setting tariffs and quotas, also through taxation of especially manufactured products which limits products entering the First World (revisionworld) Neo colonialism- new forms of colonization is emerging where at the forefront of this Neo-colonialism are the multinational companies (MNCs). These MNCs exploits the dependency states for cheap raw materials, cheap labour and new markets in search for profits. Official aid- official aids have become another source neo-colonialism. These official aids in form of loans, weapons, medicines and human expertise flows from the developed states to the dependent countries. They create a good pathway of exploitation through imposition of requirements to qualify for the business. Most loans to the Third World involve interest. However, economies grow too slowly and long-term development projects such as irrigation schemes, dams, etc. can be slow to generate the predicted income or may fail. In the meantime, the interest builds up and can eventually outstrip the initial loan. (revisionworld) The effects of global capitalism on the states Global capitalism has created a huge economic zone between the third world countries and the developed countries. Some of the major/common effects of global capitalism on the third world states include. Increase in poverty level, hunger and starvation- capitalism has lead to increase in poverty level in third world countries while the first world countries grow richer and richer. Increased conflicts- capitalism has lead to increase in conflicts between ethnic groups, tribes, countries/states/nations over resources. Deprivation- there is also a lot of deprivation where those in the periphery are deprived essential needs. Social injustice and decline in justice- Robert Reich in his work How Capitalism is Killing Democracy observes that democracy is being snuffed out by the pursuit of profit. (Reich, 2007) Inequality-inequality is increasing almost everywhere in the postindustrial capitalist world due to capitalism. Oppression- the trade tariffs and quotas put in place by the third world countries are oppressive and exploitive to the world in today’s world system driven by capitalism. Exploitation- the third world countries are exploited by the developed countries for cheap labour and resources in return for the obsolete technology of the West. (Economics online) Under-development- capitalism and imperialism are perceived as the major cause of the current underdevelopment in Africa among other third world countries. REFERENCES Ball, J. (2012, 11 12). Dependency and World Systems theories explanation of Chinas rapid economic growth. Just Another Journalism Students blog. Retrieved December 21, 2014, from jessicakball.wordpress.com/2012/11/10/the-correlation-between-dependency-and -underdevelopment-and-dependecy-and world-system-theories-explanation-of-chinas-rapid-economic-growth/ Economics online. (n.d.). Dependecy theory. Retrieved December 22, 2014, from Economics Online: www.economicsonline.co.uk/Global_economics/Dependecy_theory.html Ferraro, V. (2008). Dependency Theory: An Introduction. (G. Secondi, Ed.) The Development Economics Reader, 58-64. Retrieved December 21, 2014, from https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/depend.htm Martin, P. (2014, July 25). Capitalism and Global Poverty. Retrieved December 22, 2014, from Global Poverty: www.globalresearch.ca/capitalism-and-global-poverty-two bilion-poor-one-billion-hungry/5393262 Muller, J. Z. (2013, March/April). Capitalism and Inequality. Retrieved December 22, 2014, from Foreign Affairs: m.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138844/jerry-z-muller/capitalism-and-inequality Oxyford Dictionaries. (n.d.). theory. Retrieved December 21, 2014, from Oxford Dictionaries : www.oxforddictionaries.com/defination/english/theory Reich, R. B. (2007, September 05). Robert Reich: How Capitalism is Killing Democracy. Retrieved December 22, 2014, from Economists View: economistsview.typepad.com/economistsview/2007/09/robert-reich-ho.html revisionworld. (n.d.). Dependecy theory. Retrieved December 22, 2014, from revisionworld: revisionworld.com/a2-level-level-revision/sociology/world sociology/sociological expanation-development-under- developments/dependancy theory Robbins, R. H. (2010). Global Problems and the Culture of capitalism (5th ed.). New York: Allyn Bacon Publishing, inc. Retrieved December 21, 2014, from faculty.plattaburgh.edu/richard.robbins/legacy/book_plan.html The Socialist Party of Great Britain. (n.d.). Africa and the reality of capitalism. Retrieved December 22, 2014, from The Socialist Party of Great Britain: www.worldsocialism.org/spgb/education/depth-article/global-economy/africa-and-reality-capitalism