Tamarisk - the Noxious Western Tree

Saltcedar is one of several common names for an invasive non-native tree that is spreading rapidly through the intermountain region of the western United States, through the Colorado River Canyons, the Great Basin, California, and Texas. Other common names include tamarisk and salt cedar. The tamarisk is degrading the rarest of habitats in the desert southwest - the wetlands. Salt cedar invades springs, ditches, and streambanks. The tree has taken over more than 1 million acres of the precious Western riparian resource. Rapid Growth Rate Under good conditions, the opportunistic tamarisk can grow 9 to 12 feet in a single season. Under drought conditions, saltcedar survives by dropping its leaves. This ability to survive under harsh desert conditions has given the tree an edge over more desirable native species and causing a sharp decline in cottonwood populations. Regenerative Ability Mature plants can survive flooding for up to 70 days and can quickly colonize moist areas due to the constant availability of seeds. The plants ability to exploit suitable germinating conditions over a long time period gives saltcedar a considerable advantage over native riparian species. Habitat Mature tamarisk can also resprout vegetatively after fire, flood, or treatment with herbicides and can adapt to wide variations in soil condition. Saltcedar will grow at elevations up to 5,400 feet and prefers saline soils. They typically occupy sites with intermediate moisture, high water tables, and minimal erosion. Adverse Impacts The serious direct impacts of saltcedar are numerous. This invasive tree is now taking over and displacing native plants, specifically cottonwood, using its aggressive growth advantage in areas where natural native communities have been damaged by fire, flood or some other disturbance. Native plants have proven to be more valuable in retaining moisture on wetlands than tamarisk. The loss of these native species to tamarisk eventually leads to a net loss of water. A Water Hog The tamarisk has an extremely rapid evapotranspiration rate. There is a fear that this rapid loss of moisture could possibly cause serious depletion of groundwater. There is also an increased deposition of sediments in tamarisk-infested streams which causes a blockage. These sediment deposits encourage dense clumps of saltcedar growth which then promotes flooding during periods of heavy rain. Controls There are essentially 4 methods to control tamarisk - mechanical, biological, competition, and chemical. The complete success of any management program depends on the integration of all methods. Mechanical control, including hand-pulling, digging, use of weed eaters, axes, machetes, bulldozers, and fire, may not be the most efficient method for removal of saltcedar. Hand labor is not always available and is costly unless it is volunteered. When heavy equipment is used, the soil is often disturbed with consequences that may be worse than having the plant. In many situations, control with herbicides is the most efficient and effective method of control for removal of tamarisk. The chemical method allows regeneration and/or re-population of natives or re-vegetation with native species. The use of herbicides can be specific, selective and fast. Insects are being investigated as potential biological control agents for saltcedar. Two of these, a mealybug (Trabutina mannipara) and a leaf beetle (Diorhabda elongata), have preliminary approval for release. There is some concern over the possibility that, due to the environmental damage caused by tamarisk, native plant species may not be able to replace it if the biological control agents succeed in eliminating it.

The Most Important Decisions Of Your College Career

Choosing a major is of the most important decisions of your college career and that’s why students start sweating profusely when it’s brought up. The life and career advice to follow your love, follow your passion, or follow your bliss, as different people call this â€Å"thing† out there, just patiently waiting ahead of you, has been the favorite and most quoted catch phrase and generic career advice, given by the all-knowing Gurus of life, to all the newbie’s starting out in life. Our passion for a particular job, industry or profession is not immediately found at the beginning of our path, but recognized somewhere in the middle of our path. Finding a passion is a lifetime activity that we get to practice in college in finding a major where we can revel in something that engages us at our best. Then the world will offer opportunities to work in areas that may become our passions that were never even on the radar screen. Steve Jobs and Cal Newport have ve ry different perspective on legitimacy of â€Å"follow your heart† concept’s application to finding your passion. â€Å"Follow your heart† is dangerous and limiting career advice. Passion is not something you follow. It’s something that will follow you as you put in the hard work to become valuable to the world. American educational culture is obsessed with the idea that we need to â€Å"find our passion† in order to be happy and successful doing the job you love. The title of Steve Jobs’ commencement address in 2005 at StanfordShow MoreRelatedHow to Choose a College Major (Process Essay)1161 Words   |  5 PagesHow to Choose a College Major At some point in the process of choosing a college, you may have to choose a college major, or at the very least begin to narrow your options. While being undecided for awhile is fine, you probably want to have some idea of what you want to do when you start the college application process. 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Growth In Writing Free Essays

Writing is one of my favorite things to do. Expressing yourself is so much easier when given time to think about what needs to be said. I would like to believe that I have a very rich writing history. We will write a custom essay sample on Growth In Writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now I keep a journal of all my daily events. I also keep a book close by so if I think of any poems I can write them down right away. My favorite piece of writing was a story that I wrote in my first semester English class. The name of the story was Fade. This Semester two of my classes will require me to turn in written assignments. This semester should not be two difficult in terms of how much writing I have to do. From my preliminary observations I can tell that I will have one short paper due in Art History 107 class. Although I only have one paper I have one paper, I have two essay exams in my History class. I believe that with some help the writing portion of this semester should be successful. The Art History paper has to be two pages long. I have to go to a museum and compare two of the exhibits to each other. Professor Cutis said that the first page of the paper should be talking about my reactions to the exhibits using the vocabulary that we learned in class. The second page should discuss the different time periods and there affects on how the critics might have critiqued the works of art. Also, we have to describe what kind of techniques the artist might have used and why. The most difficult part of this paper I believe will be trying to utilize the vocabulary that my professor wants us to use, and figuring out the right ways to critique the art. As for my essay exams in History, I have had a problem getting the right amount of details incorporated with the facts. I talked to my History professor and he said that the best way to know which details to add is to, read and re-read the notes from our lectures. I have been trying to take very detailed notes so it will not be a problem when the time comes for our first exam. To conclude, this semester seems like this semester will be smooth sailing when it comes to the writing aspect of my classes. I am hoping that with the help I receive from my writing class I can produce the best papers of my college career. How to cite Growth In Writing, Essay examples

Her Kind by Anne Sexton Analysis free essay sample

After reading the poem Her Kind by Anne Sexton a lot of thought and emotion arises. It leaves a lot to be questioned and can be interpreted in many different ways depending on the reader. I perceive it as the author symbolically describing her experience with manic episodes that she endured, but she describes it all in the second person perspective. She writes of a witch who is dark spirited, twelve fingered, mentally abnormal, and isolated from her community. I translate her description of the witch as a oman simply experiencing her darkest hour. She is angry, hurt, conflicted, depressed and prefers to shy away from others. She feels unaccepted, misunderstood, and monstrous. She is experiencing enraged behavior due to the lack of comfort within herself; A crazy woman consumed by her own thoughts. The Author describes the witch finding Shelter in the woods. Im unsure if shes referring to an actual physical place, but I believe it is symbolic for a state of mind she goes into. We will write a custom essay sample on Her Kind by Anne Sexton Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The woods is her mental safe house so to speak. Fixed the suppers for the worms and elves I interpreted as her calming her own thoughts of mischievous interference (as per elves), and when she speaks of worms shes referring to the slow consumption of her mental health which she is trying to fight. Whining, rearranging and disaligned is referencing the witches thought pattern and process. She has constant unorganized, racing and droneful cognition. I translate the conclusion of the poem as the description of the Authors, Anne Sextons, reluctant, yet necessary hospitalization. Symbolically, she is being transported to the hospital and as she waved her nude arms at the villages going by theoretically it is her putting up a fight during her transport. Learning her last bright routes, survivor I decipher as the advisement of the treatment options available to her at the hospital. Where your flames still bite my thigh and my ribs crack as your wheels wind I depict as her receiving a shot to induce sedation and her fighting while being restrained and that the closer she gets to the hospital the ore she feels a sense of regret and shame. She is embarrassed that her mental deficiency has come to this point and she wasnt strong enough to gain control of herself. A woman like that is not ashamed to die to me says she is so distressed, meek, humiliated, and fatigued by her mental instability, that death to her would not be a negative occurrence, if anything, she welcomes it and sees it as a way out. Her Kind is a very strong poem and is a very insightful look into a womans head ho is unbalanced and a bit unhinged. I feel sympathetic for Anne Sexton, who I have affirmatively believe the poem is regarding. It appears that she struggled with her illness and had to go through a lot to try to get some sort of mental stability. It seems aggravating, painful, and burdensome to have uncontrollable thoughts of anger, sorrow, rage, and shame. The poem suggests that Anne Sexton fought an intricate battle which sadly came to an end by her own hand. Her Kind by Anne Sexton Analysis By katal